Hierarchical Structure of Glucosamine Hydrochloride Crystals in Antisolvent Crystallization

The crystal morphology of glucosamine hydrochloride (GAH) during antisolvent crystallization was investigated in this work. Particles different shapes, such as plate-like crystals, leaflike clusters, fan-like dendrites, flower-like aggregates, and spherulites, were produced by tuning the type antisolvents operating conditions. hierarchical structures GAH crystals tended to be formed a water + isopropanol mixture. effects operation parameters on polycrystalline studied, including temperature, solute concentration, feeding rate aqueous solution, solvent-to-antisolvent mass ratio, stirring rate. evolution process spherulites monitored using SEM, indicating crystallographic branching mode. habit predicted identify dominant faces. Molecular dynamics simulations performed interaction energy or solvent molecules surfaces calculated. experimental simulation studies help understand mechanism design desired particle morphology.